TL;DR The N+1 problem is a general data-access anti-pattern that can appear in REST, resolver-based GraphQL, and federated GraphQL at different layers of the stack. WunderGraph’s breadth-first loading approach can help batch cross-subgraph work at the router layer, but it does not remove the need for batching inside subgraphs. Even when the router batches entity references, a subgraph can still reintroduce N+1 if its reference resolvers fetch one record at a time. DataLoader is a common reso...