Modern CI/CD pipelines are no longer passive delivery systems — they’ve become high-value attack surfaces where trust assumptions are routinely exploited. Incidents like the tj-actions GitHub Actions compromise show how mutable version tags can silently redirect trusted workflows into executing attacker-controlled code. Meanwhile, npm supply-chain worms such as Shai-Hulud demonstrate a more advanced threat: self-replicating malware that propagates through stolen publish tokens, harvesting creden...