When you hand an agent work with external effects, two worries always come up. First: when the process dies, what happens to the work in progress? An agent paused at an approval gate crashes — can it resume, or does everything restart from scratch? Second: when an LLM retries, does it execute the same side effect twice? Retrying a send or a data mutation carries a real double-execution risk. My previous article measured HITL approval, audit trails, and structured output across three...